FULL ECAM Trainer 2021
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A comprehensive systematic review was conducted to (1) survey multimodal biopsychosocial training programs with at least one CAM/IM component for the self-management of emotional stress across all populations; (2) assess the quantity and quality of the research and programs; and (3) characterize the results by type of program and strength of evidence on stress-related outcome measures. Due to the massive amount of the literature included, the full report of this review will be detailed in a much larger report, not suitable for detailing in one paper. The purpose of this current report is to (1) focus on those studies that were scored as high quality and demonstrated statistically significant results between groups (i.e., intervention group versus control or comparison group) on outcomes of emotional stress for controlled trial study designs; (2) describe the multimodal programs available and their characteristics; (3) describe the results of outcomes related to emotional stress; and (4) discuss what the authors believe to be the resource requirements needed to incorporate these programs into a military setting for service members and their families. The authors have chosen to report this subset of data since studies assessed as high quality according to internal validity criteria are the least likely to have introduced bias, are more likely replicable, and can be trusted to show a valid effect for the intervention and population being studied [15, 16]. If these studies are generalizable to other populations, then it is reasonable to anticipate that an effective program, if implemented in a military environment, could show equivalent benefits for this highly stressed population.
Self-management techniques are techniques in which skills are used independently by an individual without ongoing reliance on a trainer or therapist. The authors excluded interventions where patients solely learn and integrate therapies by themselves (such as through a book or online material) or ones that are trainer or therapist dependent (i.e., psychotherapy that requires a therapist to lead the sessions).
These interventions are defined as those ones that have two or more interventions (at least one of which is CAM modality) that require an initial training period with a therapist or trainer in which skills are learned, all of which can be transferred into self-management techniques. The authors only included programs that have multimodal interventions. An example is a program that includes relaxation, exercise, and behavioral techniques to reduce stress. The thought here was that multimodal programs would allow for more of a biopsychosocial approach to treating the whole person for the complexities of emotional stress.
The A320 Autothrust will manage speed during approach automatically and will reduce speed further with each flap setting. In real life and also when flying with Online ATC like VATSIM we need to expect that ATC instructs us to stay at a certain speed (e.g. 160 knots until 5 NM to the runway). In this case we would use Selected Speed Mode (select a speed in the FCU and pull the knob) until the instructed distance to the runway where we would then go back to Managed Speed Mode and drop the gear then as well as setting flaps to 3 and flaps to full - see below.
At about 30ft we start our flare by pulling back on the sidestick carefully. We only need a few degrees in positive pitch and hold the aircraft there. Too much flare will cause the aircraft to float down the runway, too little will cause a harder landing.
In real life the A320 will have two pilots which can actually do things in parallel. Talking to ATC, taxiing the aircraft and do the after landing tasks. In the simulation we are typically alone so it is absolutely ok to stop once we have fully vacated the runway and do these things one after the other. Talking to ATC and getting taxi instruction, do the after landing tasks and checklist, taxiing to gate.
Limitations regarding this study include the following: (a) the KMD survey data may not be fully representative because of the low response rate of KMD [15, 16]. However, in the case of KMD, methods other than email survey were impossible owing to limitations of the research budget and survey system used by the Association of Korean Medicine [17]. (b) Additionally, the results may not be appropriate for the current situation because the analytical data was collected in 2008. However, this was the best option given the lack of available data. Moreover, this study has great significance for the first comparison of differences in the needs and priorities of the public and KMD using two types of independent nationwide survey data. 1e1e36bf2d